꾸란(코란)은 한 번에 모두 계시된 것이 아니다. 약 23년에 걸쳐 예언자 무함마드 ﷺ 에게 단계적으로 내려졌다 — 처음에는 메카에서, 그리고 「Hijra」(메카에서 메디나로의 이주) 이후에는 메디나에서. 아래 연표는 그 계시의 주요 순간들을 표시한다. 필터를 사용해 메카 계시기나 메디나 계시기에 집중해 볼 수 있다.

The revelation of the Qur'an unfolded over about 23 years, from the first words in the cave of Hira around 610 CE through the Meccan and Medinan periods to the final verses in 632 CE.

  1. The first revelation — “Iqra”158

    In the cave of Hira near Mecca, the angel Jibril brings the opening words: “Read, in the name of your Lord who created.”

    Meccan period

  2. The early, private call56

    For about three years the message spreads quietly among family and close companions.

    Meccan period

  3. Public preaching begins25

    The command “proclaim openly what you are commanded” marks the move to public teaching in Mecca.

    Meccan period

  4. First migration to Abyssinia58

    Under persecution, a group of Muslims migrates to the Christian kingdom of Abyssinia for refuge.

    Meccan period

  5. The Hijra — Mecca to Medina867

    The Prophet ﷺ and his followers migrate to Medina — the turning point that begins the Medinan period of revelation.

    Medinan period
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    The migration to Medina also marks year one of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar and a shift in the character of the revelations toward law and community life.

  6. Revelations of the Medinan years35

    Surahs revealed in Medina, such as al-Anfal around the Battle of Badr, address the new community's trials and its law.

    Medinan period

  7. The final verses49

    Near the Farewell Pilgrimage comes “This day I have perfected for you your religion,” among the last revealed verses.

    Medinan period

가장 이른 시기의 연대는 대략적인 것으로 주류 학설을 따르며, 「Hijra」(서기 622년)와 고별 순례(서기 632년)의 연대는 확고하게 정립되어 있다. 그 뒤에 이어진 본문의 수집과 표준화에 대해서는 정통 칼리파를 참고하라.