Al-Ma'un, "The Small Kindnesses" (or "Assistance"), is the 107th surah — seven verses that ask a pointed question: what does it look like to deny the faith in practice, not just in words?1
What it is about
The surah opens, "Have you seen the one who denies the Recompense?" — and then, instead of describing a theological position, it describes behaviour: "For that is the one who drives away the orphan and does not encourage the feeding of the poor." Rejecting the Day of Judgment shows up as hardness toward the vulnerable. The second half turns to worshippers themselves: "So woe to those who pray — [but] who are heedless of their prayer — those who make show [of their deeds] and withhold [simple] assistance." Prayer offered for appearance, coupled with refusing even a small kindness, is condemned as its own kind of denial.
Why it matters
The surah refuses to let worship and ethics be separated: a person can keep the outward form of prayer and still fail the faith by how they treat an orphan or a neighbour. To read Al-Ma'un in Arabic with translations and recitation, open it on Quran.com.